A Electrical to mechanical
B Mechanical to electrical
C Chemical to electrical
D Heat to electrical
Explanation: Generator converts mechanical to electrical energy.
A 50 Hz
B 60 Hz
C 100 Hz
D 25 Hz
Explanation: Pakistan uses 50 Hz AC supply.
A Insulators
B Conductors
C Semiconductors
D Vacuum
Explanation: Eddy currents are induced in bulk conductors.
A Farad
B Henry
C Tesla
D Weber
Explanation: Inductance is measured in Henry (H).
A Always repel
B Attract each other
C Are zero
D Depend on temperature
Explanation: Parallel currents attract; anti-parallel currents repel.
A Conservation of mass
B Conservation of energy
C Conservation of momentum
D Conservation of charge
Explanation: First law: delta U = Q - W, conservation of energy.
A 0 C
B 0 K
C -273 C
D Both B and C
Explanation: Absolute zero is 0 K = -273.15 C.
A Increases
B Decreases
C Remains constant
D Doubles
Explanation: Isothermal means constant temperature.
A Working substance
B Source and sink temperatures
C Pressure
D Volume
Explanation: Carnot efficiency = 1 - T_sink/T_source.
A 2100 J/kgK
B 4200 J/kgK
C 900 J/kgK
D 800 J/kgK
Explanation: Specific heat capacity of water is ~4200 J/kgK.
A Heat is exchanged
B No heat is exchanged
C Temperature is constant
D Pressure is constant
Explanation: Adiabatic: no heat exchange with surroundings.
A Volume
B Absolute temperature
C Pressure only
D Moles only
Explanation: Average KE = 3/2 kT, proportional to absolute temperature.
A Linear
B Exponential
C Quadratic
D Logarithmic
Explanation: N = N0 e^(-lambda t), an exponential decay.
A Electrons
B Helium nuclei
C Protons
D Photons
Explanation: Alpha particles are helium nuclei with charge +2e.
A Half the atoms to decay
B All atoms to decay
C One atom to decay
D Maximum activity
Explanation: Half-life is when half the radioactive nuclei decay.
A Charged particles
B High energy EM radiation
C Neutrons
D Protons
Explanation: Gamma rays are high-energy photons from nuclear transitions.
A Light nuclei
B Heavy nuclei
C Atoms into electrons
D Neutrons into protons
Explanation: Fission splits heavy nuclei into lighter fragments.
A Low temperature
B High temperature and pressure
C Room temperature
D No special conditions
Explanation: Fusion needs ~10^7 K to overcome electrostatic repulsion.
A Mass-energy equivalence
B Charge-mass relation
C Energy-frequency link
D Momentum-velocity link
Explanation: Mass can be converted to energy and vice versa.
A Protons + electrons
B Protons + neutrons
C Neutrons + electrons
D Only protons
Explanation: Mass number A = Z + N.